Agustiani Putri, Abdur R. As’ari, Purwanto, Sharifah Osman, A. Qohar
Both direct and inverse proportion are considered tough for learners because they require equipped mastery of concepts in order to be able to distinguish the category of ratio from the word problems provided and formulate it into a mathematical model. Thereby, learning media is required to help students visualize the concept of comparison well. This research is intended to generate a mix ratio board, which is a manipulative media that contains three different settings [building, shop, and farm] on one board reflecting real situations. The 4D model designed by Thiagarajan with three stages of defining, designing, and developing was selected to develop the media. The data was assembled by utilizing a validation questionnaire, learning activity observation sheets, and a survey form for student responses to the practice of media. Two expert validators and one practitioner validate the created media. After collecting the data, it is then analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative analysis was intended to describe the media mix ratio board, while quantitative analysis was addressed to determine the level of validity and practicality of the media. The developed media was declared to meet the valid criteria because it received a percentage of 90%, which was based on the judgment of experts and practitioners. In addition, the media also met the practical criteria because it gained a percentage of 93% from the data of observing learning activities and 97% from the outcomes of student responses utilizing the media. The validator provided positive comments that the media display was very interesting, and students gave positive responses to media utilization. Based on the examination, a mix ratio board media was claimed valid and practical. © 2026 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
