Syahrul Munir, Ahamad Fawaiq Sunawan, Santi Merlinda, Indra Setyowati
The global food security crisis has become an increasingly complex challenge driven by population growth, climate change, and land degradation. In response, smart farming has emerged as a technology-based solution that enhances production efficiency while promoting environmental sustainability. Digital innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and automation are transforming agricultural systems to be more adaptive, accurate, and resilient. This study aims to systematically review innovations in smart farming and analyze the barriers to their implementation. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was employed by examining secondary data from high-quality scientific journals indexed in Scopus (Q1-Q4) published between 2015 and 2024. The findings reveal that these technologies can strengthen food security through precise resource management, improved efficiency, and data-driven decision-making. However, adoption remains limited due to uneven digital infrastructure, high initial costs, and low digital literacy among farmers. The study concludes that the success of smart farming depends not only on technological innovation but also on inclusive policy support, enhanced farmer competencies, and cross-sector collaboration. Therefore, technology-driven agricultural transformation must be comprehensive, sustainable, and effective in addressing global food security challenges. © 2026 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
