H. Hartati, R.A. Sudarko, S. Sugiharto, H. Satria, D. Merawati, D. Defliyanto, Y. Nurwati, A. Pranoto
Aerobic and resistance training are commonly recommended interventions to improve metabolic health in pre-elderly individuals. However, evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of these two types of training on the regulation of myokines that play a role in muscle function, energy metabolism, and inflammatory processes is still limited, especially in pre-elderly women. This study aimed to analyse the effects of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and to determine which type of training produces the most optimal physiological changes. A total of 36 obese women aged 40–60 years were randomly divided into control (n = 12), aerobic (n = 12), and resistance (n = 12) groups. Aerobic training consisted of low-to-moderate impact movements at an intensity of 65–75% HRmax for 30–60 min. Resistance training was performed using a bodyweight circuit model with a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. The intervention was administered three times per week for eight weeks. IGF-1, FGF21, and TGF-β1 were measured before and after the intervention using the ELISA method. Data were analysed using Mixed ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. Aerobic and resistance training significantly increased IGF-1 and FGF21 and decreased TGF-β1 ( P < 0.05[jls-end-space/]). However, resistance training showed greater changes than aerobic training. The control group did not show significant changes. Eight weeks of training effectively modulated key myokines related to muscle health, metabolism, and inflammation in pre-elderly women. Resistance training has been shown to provide superior physiological effects and is recommended as the main choice in intervention programs. © H. Hartati et al., 2026. Published with license by Koninklijke Brill BV. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill BV. Koninklijke Brill bv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Brill Wageningen Academic, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau and V&R unipress. Koninklijke Brill BV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill BV.
Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia; Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman, Indonesia; Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
