Wibawa Endra Juwana, Singgih Dwi Prasetyo, Zainal Arifin, Ubaidillah, Rendy Adhi Rachmanto, Yuki Trisnoaji
This research investigates the innovative application of multi-source hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in Indonesia's urban environments. By combining solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, and waste-to-energy technologies, the study addresses critical urban energy challenges and highlights the importance of diversifying renewable sources. The findings reveal a remarkable potential to reduce energy costs by 25% to 40% and achieve renewable energy penetration rates above 60%, thereby significantly enhancing the sustainability of urban mobility. Further, integrating advanced energy management strategies, including vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities, optimizes the energy system's efficiency and reliability, achieving operational efficiencies of up to 90% and reducing peak load demand by 15%. The research also emphasizes the vital role of supportive government policies and incentives in facilitating the practical deployment of these systems, advocating for standardized economic assessments to ensure comparability and robustness in evaluation methodologies. With substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 40% to 60%, this work not only aligns with Indonesia's decarbonization objectives but also lays the foundation for further empirical studies and interdisciplinary approaches to accelerate the transition towards sustainable urban energy solutions. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Solar Alliance. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Power Plant Engineering Technology, State University of Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
