H. Ahmad, M.K.A. Zaini, B. Nizamani, M.A.M. Lutfi, Jemal M Yassin, Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are now being extensively explored as promising mode-lockers, marking a significant advancement in generating ultrashort pulses for diverse applications. In this work, copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF-74) is reported as a wideband saturable absorber (SA) to obtain mode-locking in both thulium-doped fluoride fibre (TDFF) and thulium-doped silica fibre (TmDF) lasers. These lasers produce ultrashort pulses in the S-band and at 2 μm. The mode-locked TDFF laser operates at 1487 nm, while the TmDF laser operates at 1957.2 nm. Mode-locked TDFF laser produces ultrashort pulses of 400 fs duration, while TmDF laser generates 1.14 ps pulses. The repetition rates for the TDFF laser and TmDF laser were 0.396 MHz and 19.5 MHz, respectively. Both lasers have a remarkable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of above 60 dB. Mode-locking stability was maintained for over 2 h in TDFF and TmDF lasers. © 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Batu 8, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Selangor, 53100, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, PO Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry (ICP), CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
