Herman Khunaivi, Nunung Suryati, Ekaning D. Laksmi, Niamika El Khoiri
Literature circles have proven effective in enhancing reading comprehension among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners through collaboration and peer interaction. With the rise of digital learning, these activities are increasingly implemented through mobile platforms to address distance and resource constraints. However, their use in rural Indonesia remains limited. This study investigated the differences and effects of Mobile Virtual Literature Circles (MVLCs) on students’ ability to interpret, analyze, and critically respond to texts. Using a mixed-methods design, 54 rural EFL students were divided into an experimental group employing Mobile Virtual Literature Circles (MVLCs) and a control group receiving conventional instruction. Data were collected through pre-and post-tests, surveys, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students in the MVLC group achieved significantly higher gains in reading comprehension (from 49.41 to 67.67) compared to the control group (from 55.26 to 65.85). MVLCs also promoted peer collaboration, critical analysis, and engagement despite challenges such as limited digital literacy and unstable connectivity. Overall, MVLCs effectively enhance the reading comprehension of EFL learners in rural areas. It demonstrates strong potential for enhancing literacy and critical thinking in resource-constrained EFL settings, offering a scalable approach to technology-enhanced reading instruction. © 2026 by the authors.
Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Al-Anwar Islamic College, Rembang, Indonesia
