Muhammad Roy Asrori, Aman Santoso, Sumari Sumari
During the sono-methanolysis of waste cooking oil, solid heterogeneous materials affected the residual methanol (alcoholic phase) and the methyl ester (oil phase). On the product separation, the materials may apply phase boundary activity and maybe result the residual product. To evaluate it, this study determines (1) the structural characterization of amphiphilic chitosan-CaO/Zeolite A materials, and (2) characterization of the residual methanol (alcoholic phase) after separation of the sono-methanolyzed waste cooking oil induced by chitosan-CaO/Zeolite A or KOH (as comparison). The synthesized materials were chitosan/Zeolite A, CaO/Zeolite A, chitosan/CaO, and chitosan-CaO/Zeolite A compared to the standards. Based on XRD, XRF, SEM, and FTIR results, the materials have been successfully synthesized. The synthesized materials showed phase-boundary activity as indirect evidence derived from separation behavior and compositional trends. The relative phase yield has been calculated. The physical characterization results showed that the density and viscosity values approached methanol standard. The results of FT-IR, UV–Vis, and GC–MS showed the presence of methanol, methyl esters, carboxylic acid, and other substances. Using chitosan-CaO/Zeolite A, there is no glycerol content that compares the effect of KOH (glycerol, 0.63%). The most compound of the alcoholic phase using chitosan-CaO/Zeolite A was isopropyl myristate (34.02%). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2026.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
