Ahmad Imam Mawardi, Ahmad Taufiq, Hendra Susanto
In order to apply black iron oxide nanoparticles in a medical application for humans, despite the requirement quality based on the physical, chemical, and biological perspectives, controlling a fabrication process is also essential to guarantee the halal product according to the Islamic view. In this paper, we report the controlling process parameters in the fabrication of black iron oxide nanoparticles. Based on the data analysis, black iron oxide nanoparticles fabricated in this work were suitable as a halal product. Natural iron sand as the primary precursor taken from natural resources was firstly washed with water several times so that the iron sand was completely free of impurities, especially from animal waste. In the Islamic perspective, animal waste is an unclean object that can block the halal condition of a product. Dissolving and precipitating processes were also carefully controlled to obtain a halal product free of unclean surfactant. Finally, to guarantee that the product formed in nanometric size, we investigated the product using X-ray diffraction, presenting that the fabricated black iron oxide nanoparticles were constructed in a single phase with the average particle size of < 100 nm. According to Indonesian regulation, it is also essential to obtain halal certification from the Indonesian Ulema Council. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Department of Post Graduate Studies, Universitas Islam Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
