Habiddin Habiddin, Julian Lani Utari, Muarifin Muarifin
Revealing students' profound misunderstanding of thermochemistry requires a diagnostic tool in order to obtain a complete picture of the misunderstanding. This study's objective was to produce valid and reliable Four-tier diagnostic instruments to identify students' unscientific understanding in the area of thermochemistry (FTDIT). The instrument was developed into six main stages: (1) Mapping concept, (2) Testing and interview, (3) Defining students' unscientific ideas, (4) Development of a prototype four-tier diagnostic instrument, (5) Validation of prototype diagnostic instruments, (6) Refining the final four-tier. The data collection was carried out two times, involving two different groups of secondary school students with 122 and 61 students for the first and second data collection, respectively. The instrument was found to be valid and reliable to be employed for future thermochemistry teaching purposes. © 2021 Author(s).
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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