Ratna Kusumawardani, Mukhamad Nurhadi, Teguh Wirawan, Anton Prasetyo, Nabila Nur Agusti, Sin Yuan Lai, Hadi Nur
The kinetic evaluation of titania supported sulfonated fish bone-derived carbon (TiO2/SFBC) as a catalyst in styrene oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide was carried out. The catalysts were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at varying temperatures 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with sulfuric acid (1M) for 24 h and impregnated by varied titania concentration 500, 1000 and 1500 µmol. The physical properties of catalysts were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The catalytic activity result showed that TiO2/SFBC can be used as a potential catalyst in styrene oxidation. Worth noting that the sulfonation process has not only transformed the TiO2/FBC particulates (without sulfonation) to cuboid-shaped TiO2/SFBC (with sulfonation) but also contributed to the high selectivity of benzaldehyde. On the other hand, carbonization at different temperatures has an indistinct effect on catalytic performance due to their similar surface areas. The styrene conversion rate responded positively with the increasing amount of titania in the functionalized composites. The styrene oxidation by aqueous H2O2 unraveled the first-order reaction with the activation energy of 63.5 kJ. Copyright © 2022 by Authors
Department of Chemical Education, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Chemistry Department, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Chemistry Department, Faculty Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jalan Gajayana 50, Malang, 65144, Indonesia; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia