I Gede Purwana Edi Saputra, Punaji Setyosari, Henry Praherdhiono, Made Duananda Kartika Degeng
The effectiveness of physics education in Indonesia continues to face persistent challenges, particularly the perception that physics is abstract and difficult to comprehend, coupled with the limited availability of laboratory facilities that hinder experiment-oriented learning. To address these problems, this study developed and tested effectiveness a Smart Learning Environment (SLE) framework in the form of a physics E-Laboratory integrated with Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI). The framework was designed within an inquiry-based learning approach using Google Sites. The method employed a research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model involving three main stages: framework design (Analysis and Design), expert validation (Development), and field implementation (Implementation and Evaluation). SLE framework was validated using Gregory’s model, with two expert validators confirming its high relevance and strong internal consistency (coefficient = 0.69, high validity). Effectiveness testing was conducted through an implementation in 3 senior high schools, included180 students chosen by cluster random sampling, and divided into SLE group (90 students) and conventional group (90 students). The findings demonstrated that students outcomers in the SLE group achieved higher scores in conceptual understanding (average 77.66), scientific process skills (average 14.70), and student engagement (average 4.24), surpassing conventional classes across all indicators. The t-test demonstrates there are significant differences between groups (Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0,005) on all outcomes. These results confirm the SLE framework enhancing the effectiveness of physics learning through adaptive and interactive. By integrating ANI for adaptive feedback and supporting teacher-centered analytics, the learning strengthens conceptual mastery, fosters scientific inquiry, and enhances active engagement. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
