Achmad Syaifudin, Yuri Pamungkas, Ahmad Ridhoi, Sapto Wibowo, Lilik Herawati, Radityo Putro Handrito, Sapto Adi, Uda Hashim
There are numerous fitness monitoring devices widely available to the public and athletes. However, surprisingly, there is no adequate existing international standard for these devices. Despite this, researchers have significantly developed noninvasive fitness monitoring methods, which are now incorporated into commercially available devices. This review focuses on observing research findings from the past decade that relate to athlete fitness parameters, physiological indicators, and non-invasive monitoring techniques, specifically near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Conducted using a schematic literature review methodology, this review aims to provide end-users with an understanding of the complexity and reliability of noninvasive fitness monitoring devices. © Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences.
Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia; Solid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia; Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Electrical and Electronics Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
