Teguh Wirawan, Mukhamad Nurhadi, Agung Rahmadani, Yuniar Ponco Prananto, Zhiying Zhu, Sin Yuan Lai, Hadi Nur
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH) with uniform morphology and high crystallinity were successfully prepared by a precipitation-hydrolysis method in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing fishbone-derived carbon. The CSH was produced by carbonization of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The solid mixture was washed until the pH of 2, then left at room temperature for 3 days. Physical properties of synthesized CSH were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and melting point test. It is concluded that the CSH were formed due to hydrolysis of fishbone-derived carbon in a moderately concentrated sulfuric acid solution of carbon-derived fishbone and crystallization into a fibrous octa calcium phosphate (OCP) form. In this research, effect of crystal growth time, effect of pH during the crystal growth, and effect of volume of the solution were also investigated. Copyright © 2023 by Authors.
Chemistry Department, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Education, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Chemistry Department, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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