Nanda Lidya Cinta Aulia Sari, Aminnudin Aminnudin, Heru Suryanto, Joseph Selvi Binoj, Brailson Mansingh Bright, Gaguk Jatisukamto, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Uun Yanuhar
Indonesia, a major pineapple producer, generates substantial biowaste that can harm the ecosystem. To address this, bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced through microbial fermentation of pineapple peel waste. The study aims to evaluate the properties of BC after it has been reinforced with nanoclay. Methods include cellulose synthesis via fermentation with pineapple biowaste extract, followed by cellulose alkalization, defibrillation, and the synthesis of bacterial cellulose with nanoclay concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%, which is then dried to form a solid membrane. SEM, XRD, FTIR, tensile testing, antibacterial activity, and porosity analysis were used to characterize the samples. The results show that nanoclay has a considerable influence on the surface morphology of cellulose composites. XRD analysis confirmed that nanoclay incorporation disrupted the BC crystalline structure, reducing crystallinity as nanoclay content increased. Furthermore, nanoclay reduces the membrane's crystallinity index to 75.3% at 8 wt.% nanoclay concentration, FTIR analysis revealed changes in functional groups, indicating strong interactions between BC and nanoclay. Although tensile strength decreased with higher nanoclay content, membrane porosity improved at 6 wt.%, enhancing membrane permeability. Antibacterial testing showed significant inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus, with the highest activity observed at 8 wt.% nanoclay. © 2025 King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. All Rights Reserved.
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, State University of Malang, Indonesia; Center for Science and Engineering (PSR), LPPM, State University of Malang, Indonesia; Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tamilnadu, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, State University of Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia; Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
