Werdianto Pabisa, Dahlang Tahir, Muh Ade Artasasta, Andi Akmal, Ahmed Akouibaa, Heryanto Heryanto
Water pollution, particularly from methylene blue (MB), has been escalating significantly over the years, necessitating enhanced management to avoid chronic consequences. Here, red soil (RS), which is relatively easy to find in nature, is mixed with melamine as carbon nitride (CN) source to make CN/RS composites as a promising MB waste degrader. It was found that, CN/RS3 has shown the best degradation performance of 88.50% without stirring assistance in order to follow the environmental conditions. In addition, all sample showed a decreasing crystallite size and crystallinity index as the increasing of RS composition. The degradation performance is strongly supported by the decrease of crystallite size, suitable (as a representation of optical phonon vibration ~323 cm−1, as well as slightly increasing ~3.5 eV. The average pore size of CN/RS3 has been investigated from SEM result and obtained diameter (469 ± 0.20) μm. IoT was also conducted as fresh technique for monitoring CN/RS performance during 2500 minutes in real-time, where the optimal performance is achieved at pH 6.63 with temperature at 26.86 °C. © Australian Ceramic Society 2025.
Physics Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Departement of Applied Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Laboratory of Solid Physics, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, BP 1796, Morocco
