Sri Lestari, Mukhamad Nurhadi, Ratna Kusumawardani, Eko Saputro, Retno Pujisupiati, Nova Sukmawati Muskita, Nezalsa Fortuna, A'an Suri Purwandari, Fahria Aryani, Sin Yuan Lai, Hadi Nur
The utilization of fishbone as the carbon source for methylene blue adsorption has been successfully studied. Fishbone was prepared from two kinds of fish such as marine fisheries (ex. Tenggiri) and freshwater fisheries (ex. Belida). The car-bons were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h. Physical properties of carbons were character-ized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluores-cence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and hydrophobicity. The carbons were utilized as the adsorbent for removing methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. It is concluded that both carbons can very good adsorb the methylene blue. The adsorption performance of carbon (TFC) from Tenggiri fish is better than carbon (BFC) from Belida fish. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ∼ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon from fish-bone was spontaneous. Thus, carbon from fishbone can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent to treat industrial effluents contaminated with methylene blue. © 2022 by Authors.
Department of Chemical Education, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Kelip-kelip! Center of Excellence for Light Enabling Technologies, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Sepang, 43900, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia