Widya Damayanthi, M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama, Nindyawati Nindyawati
The application of lean construction principles aims to minimize waste, reduce variability, increase reliability and productivity, and increase efficiency. This is in line with the aims of the development of graded concrete (GC) on structural elements which is predicted to reduce the use of cement but still maintain the performance of the designed structures. Previous research only focused on the structural performance of GC beams without assessing the cost aspects that are considered in its implementation in the projects. This research aims to further analyse the costs and benefits of implementing GC in construction on varying reinforcement ratios. This research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory. Several GC beams were prepared and tested under the four-point bending method. The results showed that the GC beams with maximum reinforcement are not feasible applied in the project construction due to higher cost. It is recommended to design GC beams using the minimum reinforcement ratio because it provides a greater increase in load-carrying capacity but at a more affordable cost. © 2022 Author(s).
Laboratory of Structures, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia