Ratnawati Ratnawati, Nur Mukminatien, Yazid Basthomi, Ekaning Dewanti Laksmi
The study investigates students’ perceptions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in online Self-Regulated Writing Activities (SRWA) and the factors that influence students’ practices of online SRWA in promoting their autonomy. The mixed-methods research design of this study incorporated quantitative surveys of 78 students learning English as a foreign or second language and qualitative interviews with six selected students using purposive sampling. The collected data from the questionnaires and semistructured interviews were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the students showed positive perceptions of using AI in online SRWA to enhance their autonomy, which was affected by three factors: learning mode, ecological dimension, and individual aspect. Students are motivated to continue developing time management skills and maintaining a community of learning to enhance AI effectiveness in online self-regulation learning framework and support their autonomy. The research further addressed the implications for online writing activities and made recommendations for future research. © 2026, Grand Canyon University. All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Galuh University, Indonesia
