Muarifin
This study aimed to develop and test a learning model relevant to the needs and characteristics of physical education teachers. The study method was based on the model developed by Borg and Gall. Data were collected via observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The research subjects were 24 physical education teachers in elementary schools located in East Java Province, namely Blitar Regency, Nganjuk Regency, and Pasuruan Regency. The selection of this location was based on two aspects. First, in this area, there is a continuous program for the development of physical education teachers to carry out learning. Second, the needs analysis results show the urgency of implementing a scientific method-based learning model, and the competence of teachers for this purpose is still inadequate. The results of the study indicate that the appropriate learning models with scientific method teaching include project-based learning, problem-based learning, and discovery learning. The learning model in this study showed significant increases in the large group trials of the three learning models at percentages of 76.59% for discovery learning, 78.68% for project-based learning, and 75.55% for problem-based learning. The analysis of these learning tools at the elementary school level showed that the models are feasible for use in the learning process. However, for their implementation, they should be adjusted to the conditions and situations of each school. This learning product can be further developed by adjusting the format of the learning device with the applicable regulation. This research can be continued at a higher level, such as in junior high school or high school, according to the needs. © JPES.
Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Faculty of Sport Science, Malang State University, Indonesia