Nur Bahijah Mustapa, Romisuhani Ahmad, Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Nuttawit Wattanasakulpong, Ovidiu Nemeș, Andrei Victor Sandu, Petrica Vizureanu, Ioan Gabriel Sandu, Christina W. Kartikowati, Puput Risdanareni
Globally, there is an increasing need for ceramic materials that have a variety of applications in the environment, for precision tools, and for the biomedical, electronics, and environmental industries. However, in order to obtain remarkable mechanical qualities, ceramics have to be manufactured at a high temperature of up to 1600 °C over a long heating period. Furthermore, the conventional approach presents issues with agglomeration, irregular grain growth, and furnace pollution. Many researchers have developed an interest in using geopolymer to produce ceramic materials, focusing on improving the performances of geopolymer ceramics. In addition to helping to lower the sintering temperature, it also improves the strength and other properties of the ceramics. Geopolymer is a product of polymerization involving aluminosilicate sources such as fly ash, metakaolin, kaolin, and slag through activation using an alkaline solution. The sources of the raw materials, the ratio of the alkaline solution, the sintering time, the calcining temperature, the mixing time, and the curing time may have significant impacts on the qualities. Therefore, this review aims to study the effects of sintering mechanisms on the crystallization of geopolymer ceramics, concerning the strength achieved. A future research opportunity is also presented in this review. © 2023 by the authors.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 01000, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000, Malaysia; School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thasala, 80160, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii 103-105, Cluj-Napoca, 400641, Romania; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, Iasi, 700050, Romania; Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, Iasi, 700089, Romania; Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, Bucharest, 030167, Romania; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
