Muhamad Subhan Septian, Ishmah Luthfiyah, Worawat Meevesana, Agus Purwanto, Agus Subagio, Harith Ahmad, Nida Usholihah, Markus Diantoro
Intercalation engineering of MXene via nickel hydrothermal treatment was investigated to improve interlayer spacing, prevent restacking, and enhance the electrochemical performance of hybrid supercapacitors. MXene was synthesized by etching the aluminum layer from the MAX phase, and nickel was successfully intercalated between the layers using a hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed an increase in d-spacing from 9.94 Å for pristine MXene to 13.01 Å for MXN2, confirming effective suppression of restacking. The specific surface area of MXN2 reached 35.27 m2g−1significantly higher than pristine MXene (3.96 m2g−1). Electrochemical testing showed MXN2 achieved a specific capacitance of 118.9 F g−1in a 3-electrode system, and 60.03 F g−1in a 2-electrode coin cell, with an energy density of 6.48 Wh kg−1and excellent cycling stability (97.47% retention after 1,000 cycles). These findings demonstrate that nickel intercalation significantly enhances MXene’s structural and electrochemical properties, making MXN2 a promising material for high-stability hybrid supercapacitors. © 2026, Walailak University. All rights reserved.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchsima, 30000, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
