Nico Rahman Caesar, Uun Yanuhar, Muhammad Musa, Gatot Ciptadi, Heru Suryanto, Yusuf Arif Wahyudi, Rachmat Noer Soelistyoadi
The presence of heavy metals and other contaminants may indicate the presence of a biological response in aquatic animals. This research investigates the heavy metal contamination and water quality on the immune response (IL-1β) of wader fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) in response to the presence of contaminants in the waters of the Porong River. The location area was selected because of its diverse utilization surrounding the river, including residential areas, industrial zones, and agricultural practices. The research procedure includes water quality measurements, plankton analysis, heavy metals exposure, and immune response (IL-1β) detection by PCR. In general, the waters of the Porong River were found to be polluted based on the assessment of water quality, as indicated by the measurement of CO2, TDS, TSS, and salinity parameters surpassing the established threshold values. In the waters of the Porong River, the metals Cu, Hg, Cd, and Pb exhibited a descending order of penetrating power as follows: Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd. Conversely, in the sediment samples, the order of penetrating power was Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. The PCR amplification results indicated the presence of IL-1β response in all examined fish, suggesting that it could be attributed to water contamination throughout the entire sampling site. In addition, the heavy metals contamination in the waters of the Porong River resulted in high expression of IL-1β in the fish sample. The findings lead to the conclusion that the waters of the Porong River are classified as polluted based on the measurements of water quality parameters, namely CO2, TDS, TSS, and salinity, which surpass the threshold values established according to Government Regulation (PP) of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. © 2023 Novel Carbon Resource Sciences. All rights reserved.
Doctoral Programme of Environment Science, Post Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jalan Veteran–East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Fish Quarantine Center for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products Surabaya I, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia