Waode Yunia Silviariza, Sumarmi, Sugeng Utaya, Syamsul Bachri, Marhaini, Faza Faikar Malisi, Muhammad Firman Bobinsyah, Virna Hariani
The collaboration of geography teaching models with technology is a form of support for the mission of SDG-4. Apart from being sensitive to students’ current habits, safe and inclusive, reverse classroom learning is also effective. This research develops an online and f2f learning system for an established geography class. The integration of the spatial problem-based learning (SPBL) and flipped class learning FCL) environments is carried out using the ADDIE model. In addition to internal validation by experts and evaluators, external validation by testing students’ spatial abilities before and after implementation, as well as individual interviews to find out student responses after implementing SPB-FC-L. Experts and evaluators agree that the SPB-FC-L is valid and reliable. In addition, SPB-FC-L affects students’ spatial skills. Most students enjoy studying SPB-FC-L. Experts also recommended to make a user manual for guidelines for implementing the SPB-FC-L. Implementation of SPB-FC-L with various variables can then be carried out in further research. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), East Java, Malang City, 65145, Indonesia; State Elementary School, 001 Campur Sari, East Kalimantan, Berau, 77372, Indonesia; State Senior High School, 1 Lawang, East Java, Malang, 65216, Indonesia; Universitas Brawijaya (UB), East Java, Malang City, 65145, Indonesia; State Senior High School, 7 Berau, East Kalimantan, Berau, 77352, Indonesia
