Khairul Bariyyah, Ifdil Ifdil, Idat Muqodas, Laily Tiarani Soejanto, Santy Andrianie, Ikhsan Hilmi
Bullying among students has been identified as a source of major educational and psychological issues, which most of the time result in depression, anxiety, and stress. Despite increasing concern about bullying-related trauma, empirical evidence on brief and perceptual-based counselling interventions for psychological recovery remains limited. This research focused on determining the effectiveness of the Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique (IPLT), a trauma-informed counselling method used to alleviate the psychological impact of bullying. Through a single-subject A-B-A design, five students who scored highly on DASS-21 were monitored during baseline, intervention, and follow-up stages. The IPLT intervention consisted of five brief sessions lasting approximately 10-15 minutes each. Both visual and quantitative analyses showed substantial reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress, which were corroborated by effect size, Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND), and Reliable Change Index (RCI) results. Social validation observed changes in emotional well-being, sleep quality, confidence, and social interaction. These findings suggest that IPLT may provide a promising approach for facilitating emotional recovery from bullying-related trauma. Due to its short and organised sessions, IPLT may offer a viable brief intervention for school counselling contexts. Additional research with a bigger sample size and longer follow-up periods is needed to ascertain the duration of the effects. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
Center of Gender and Population, State University of Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, State University of Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, 25161, Indonesia; Center for Educational Neuroscience, Trauma, and Human Behaviour, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, 25161, Indonesia; Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, West Java, 40154, Indonesia; Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java, 57126, Indonesia; State Vocational High School 1 Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, 46132, Indonesia
