Femiana Gapsari, Andoko Andoko, Kuncoro Diharjo, M.R. Sanjay, Suchart Siengchin
Timoho fiber (TF) has proven to be a potential reinforcement for composites due to its high cellulose content. Various efforts have been made to improve the TF performance in the composite fabrication, one of which is by making nanocellulose from the fiber. The structure can be the basic material for nanocomposites. Nanocellulose forms of fibers have good mechanical properties and lower density. Therefore, TF was prepared into nanocellulose by using effective methods of isolation and extraction. Fabrication process was done in three main stages namely extraction which was performed in three processes: dewaxing, mercerization, and delignification. Next, the cellulose was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM. TEM, and TGA. Density and crystallinity index of TF nanocellulose were 0.52 g/cm3 and 88.47%. The TF morphology described the random structure which was adequate as nanocellulose method was effective to extract nanocellulose and is recommended as a sustainable cellulose bionanocomposite material. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Ir. Sutami 36, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand