Syifa Aulia Hidayat, Arif Hidayat, Hendra Susanto, S.T. Ulfawanti Intan Subadra, Tahta Amrillah, Syifa Mustika, Yap Wing Fen, Ahmad Taufiq
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized for metformin and probiotic drug delivery agents. In this work, the lattice parameter of SPIONs formation was 8.351, constructing an inverse spinel cubic with a crystallite size of 10.18 nm, respectively. The SPIONs formation was also detected by the presence of Fe- O functional groups, which were Fe-O tetrahedral and octahedral functional groups at 625- 700 cm- 1 and 418- 500 cm- 1, respectively. In this experiment, SPIONs exhibited spherical particles with a size of 35.12 nm and presented superparamagnetic character with a saturation magnetization of 41.45 emu/g. Interestingly, SPIONs exhibited loading activity for metformin and probiotics with loading efficiencies of 67.51% and 80.67%, respectively. © 2026 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterohepatology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia; Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
