Heni Masruroh, Sumarmi, Syamsul Bachri, Alfi Sahrina, Fatchur Rohman
Sustainable environmental management by utilizing detailed scale geomorphological information is urgent research in developing countries that have received little attention from environmental policymakers. This research was conducted in the Maspo Sub-watershed area on the northern slopes of Welirang Volcano, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. We apply landform classification based on the Topographic Position Index to describe morphological conditions and a visual image interpretation approach for the first time to create a detailed (1:10,000) scale geomorphological map based on the Italian Geomorphological Mapping System. This paper explains the morphological characterization of the Maspo Sub-watershed in detail. Overall, the morphological characteristics in the study area are dominated by open slopes above the lava flow bedrock, ridges and valleys due to erosion processes, and plains downstream, which indicate the presence of anthropogenic activity. The most dominant geomorphic systems in the Maspo Sub-watershed are landforms of fluvial and runoff origin, followed by landslide, anthropogenic, and volcanic systems. Fluvial landforms highlight features formed due to the action of water, whereas runoff highlights erosion processes resulting from flowing water eroding the surface. In other words, the erosional process is still active today, considering that the study area is a young volcano. Meanwhile, the depositional process is more difficult to identify because of the intervention of anthropic activities. Ultimately, morphological and geomorphological characterization results based on GIS and remote sensing can be used as an essential reference for establishing sustainable land use planning strategies and managing hazards and natural disaster risks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Geography Department, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Java, Indonesia; Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Java, Indonesia
