Fawzan Hanafi Mohamad Fazdhli, Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah, Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah, Chye Wong Jie, Effendi Mohamad, Rohana Abdullah, Syahrul Azwan Sundi Suandi, Iskandar Waini, Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie, Poppy Puspitasari, Ayu Avita
Nowadays, many sectors use lubrication derived from petroleum oil, resulting in severe environmental pollution. Hence, as a countermeasure, developing lubricants from organic sources is gaining attention. This research aimed to formulate a new bio-based banana peel oil by adding scallop shell nanoparticles (SSNs) as an additive. The process involved extracting banana peel oil (BPO) using a Szf-06A Soxhlet extraction fat analyser. The extracted oil was mixed with 0.5 vol% of three types of SSNs as an additive, and the mixture was then homogenised using ultrasonication. A tribological test using a four-ball tester, according to ASTM D-4172, was performed to determine the coefficient of friction (CoF) and the wear scar diameter (WSD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to verify the wear mechanism. Samples with commercial-sized SSN additives yielded the best CoF (0.08385) and WSD (0.67 mm) results, indicating that commercial SSN additives can improve the physical properties and enhance the excellent anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics of lubricant mixtures compared to mineral oil. © 2024, Malaysian Tribology Society (Mytribos). All rights reserved.
Faculty of Mechanical Technology and Engineering, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, 76100, Malaysia; Centre for Advance Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, 76100, Malaysia; Faculty of Industrial and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, 76100, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia