Kiky Martha Ariesaka, Lintang Widya Sishartami, Anditri Weningtyas, Moh. Mirza Nuryady
Introduction: Anemia remains a significant public health problem among adolescents in developing countries such as Indonesia. Female adolescents are more vulner-able due to menstrual blood loss and increased iron needs during growth, while dietary diversity and beverage habits may further influence anemia risk. Aim: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with anemia, including gender, diet quality, and tea or coffee consumption, and to explore their molecular relevance using a bioinformatics approach. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 adolescents (105 males, 94 females) aged 12–17 years in a boarding school in Malang, Indonesia. Data collection included hemoglobin measurement, anthropometric assessment, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and logistic regression, while bioinformatics analysis employed STRING, Cytoscape, and ShinyGO to identify key genes and pathways. Results: Female gender (AOR = 6.595; p < 0.001), adequate diet (AOR = 0.184; p = 0.012), and tea/coffee intake (AOR = 7.532; p < 0.001) were significant predictors of anemia. Bioinformatics analysis identified SLC11A2, TFRC, and HAMP as key genes regulating ferroptosis and mineral absorption pathways. Conclusions: Gender, dietary quality, and tea or coffee consumption significantly influence anemia in adolescents. © 2026, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biological Science and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Austria; Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
