Ameliana Surya Kartika, Irma Kartika Kusumaningrum, Mazidatulakmam Miskam, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya, Yudhi Utomo, Nur Syahidah
Malachite Green (MG) is a triphenylmethane-based textile dye that is toxic and difficult to degrade. Various methods for textile wastewater treatment contaiing textile dyes have been developed, one of which involves using composites based on magnetite (Fe3 O4) coated with silica (SiO2) and ZnO as a photocatalyst. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the Fe3 O4 /SiO2 /ZnO composite, test its ability to reduce MG concentration in a textile wastewater simulator, and evaluate the reusability of the composite. FTIR spectra showed absorption peaks at 651.94 cm-1 and 941.26 cm-1, corresponding to Zn-O and Si-O-Zn bonds, confirming the presence of ZnO and SiO2 in the synthesized composite. The XRD diffractogram showed diffraction patterns consistent with Fe3 O4 /SiO2 /ZnO, with diffraction peaks observed at 31.89, 34.53, 36.25, 47.65, 57.45, and 67.85, measured at 2θ angles. SEM-EDX analysis identified the presence of Fe, O, Si, and Zn elements, the average of composite particle size is 67.636 nm. Performance tests for MG removal demonstrated that the Fe3,O4,/SiO2/ZnO composite effectively reduced MG concentration of textile waste simulated sample, under UV irradiation at 366 nm for 8 hours, with a removal capacity of 0.5084 mg MG/g composite. Reusability tests showed that in the first cycle, the composite reduced MG concentration by 0.4880 mg/g, while in the second and third cycles, the removal capacities were 0.4863 mg/g and 0.4809 mg/g, respectively. The synthesized Fe3,O4,/SiO2 /ZnO composite successfully degraded Malachite Green (MG) in the textile wastewater simulation under UV 366 nm irradiation. The composite was able to degrade MG over multiple reuse cycles, the performance decline is 2%. © 2026 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Centre of Advance Material for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
