Danang Arbian Sulistyo, Aji Prasetya Wibawa, Didik Dwi Prasetya, Fadhli Almu’Iini Ahda, I Nyoman Gede Arya Astawa, Felix Andika Dwiyanto
Indonesia has an extraordinary number of languages, with more than 700 regional languages such as Javanese, Madurese, Balinese, Sundanese, and Bugis. Despite the wealth of languages, digital resources for these languages remain scarce, making the preservation and accessibility of digital languages a significant challenge. Research was conducted to address this gap by building a multilingual parallel corpus consisting of more than 150,000 phrase pairs extracted from Bible translations in five regional languages in Indonesia. Rigorous preprocessing, normalization, and Unicode tokenization were performed to improve data quality and consistency. The encoder-decoder architecture was a key focus in the development of the NMT model. Evaluation focused on forward and backward translation directions, which were measured using BLEU scores. The results show that forward translation consistently outperforms backward translation. The Indonesian Javanese model produced a score of 0.9939 for BLEU-1 and 0.9844 for BLEU-4, indicating a high level of translation quality. In contrast, reverse translation tasks, such as translating from Sundanese to Indonesian, presented significant challenges, with BLEU-4 scores as low as 0.3173. This illustrates the complexity of the translation system from Indonesian to local languages. If future research focuses on transformer-based models and incorporates additional linguistic parameters to enhance the accuracy of natural language processing (NLP) models for Indonesia's underrepresented regional languages, this work provides a dataset that can be utilized for that purpose. © 2025, Politeknik Negeri Padang. All rights reserved.
Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, Malang, Indonesia; Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang, Rembuksari No.1A, Malang, Indonesia; Information Technology, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Bukit Jimbaran, Kuta Selatan, Bali, Badung, Indonesia; Faculty of Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
