Cholis Sa'dijah, Lathiful Anwar, Anita Dewi Utami, Ety Tejo Dwi Cahyowati, Tajularipin Sulaiman, Azizah Nur Laily Rahmawati
The ability to integrate Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK), as well as to design learning that fosters critical thinking, is a crucial competence for pre-service mathematics teachers. This study aims to analyze instructional materials developed by mathematics education students, focusing on the identification of TPACK components (Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, and Content Knowledge) and critical thinking indicators. A descriptive qualitative approach with document analysis techniques was employed. The data were obtained from instructional materials, including lesson plans (RPP), student worksheets (LKPD), digital media, assessment instruments, individual portfolios, and videos of teaching practice conducted by the students. The analysis instruments were constructed based on TPACK elements and the six critical thinking indicators proposed by Facione, namely: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. The findings reveal that all participants incorporated the three TPACK components into their instructional materials, with a predominance of pedagogical and content aspects. Technological components were also utilized functionally, particularly in the form of digital assessments, although higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) were not yet fully optimized in these assessments. Critical thinking indicators were most frequently represented in the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM)-based items developed by students, particularly in analysis and interpretation, but did not comprehensively cover all critical thinking skills such as self-regulation and deeper inference. These findings provide important insights for strengthening the integration of TPACK literacy and critical thinking skills in mathematics teacher education. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Department of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
