Nur Faizin, A. Samsul Maarif, Yusuf Hanafi
The use of AI technology in religious issues can provide both convenience and challenges for religious scholars including those related to intolerance and radicalism that are of concern to religious scholars in the Islamic world. Using a qualitative-comparative approach and textual analysis, this study argues that the responses of the AI, ChatGPT version 3.5, do not indicate answers that lead to intolerant or radical actions regarding Islamic attitudes and law. ChatGPT's response can be said to be equally tolerant when compared to the response/product of moderate Islamic law produced through Bahsul Masail (BM) in Indonesia, a law-setting mechanism used by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) to establish Fiqh law relating to religious and social issues. Several questions in the Bahsul Masail collection that could be indicators of religious radicalism were asked of the ChatGPT and then the answers were compared with the BM results. These questions included the limits of tolerance, the law of suicide bombing, the law of removing (impeaching) leaders, the law of blasphemy against other religions, nationalism and diversity in Indonesia, and the basis of Pancasila. Although the legal responses from both tend to be equally moderate, the legal sources used are different. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Department of Arabic Literature, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang City, Indonesia; Department of Islamic Family Law, Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang City, Indonesia
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