Ali Aqeel Salim, KaiXuan Gan, Sib Krishna Ghoshal, Nandang Mufti, Hayder K. Obayes, Karrar Abdulameer Kadhim, Ali Hussein Sagheer, Ezza Syuhada Sazali, Tay Kuan Yew, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, Hazri Bakhtiar
Plasmonic metals-impregnated fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) became emergent for biomedical diagnostic, environmental monitoring, and security uses due to their excellent reliability sensitivity, stability, and adaptability. To develop accurate, cost-effective, and reliable humidity FOSs, Brilliant Blue dye-embedded titanium dioxide nanoparticles (BBD-TiO2NPs as sensing elements) were synthesized using a green and controllable pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method. The optical properties of BBD-TiO2NPs were adjusted via the laser energies variation from 50 to 250 mJ. Various analytical measurements including UV-Vis, Fluorescence (FL) and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy were performed to determine the NPs attributes. The absorption spectra exhibited peaks at ~241, ~302, ~406 and ~667 nm, attributed to the σ-π*, σ-σ* transitions of BBD molecules and the π-π* transition of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The FL emission spectra at ~463 nm showed the narrowest FWHM value (33.0) at the optimal laser energy of 150 mJ. FTIR spectra of both BBD and BBD-TiO2NPs confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Tuning of NPs size, chemical bonding, and crystal phases of these materials demonstrate BBDTiO2NPs promising candidates for stable biosensors development. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Wasit, Iraq
