Muhamad Alfian Nurhidayat, Poppy Puspitasari, Aufa Rizq Nur, Muhammad Albin Abdiyar, Diki Dwi Pramono
Mineral oil-based cutting fluid is the most commonly used type due to its superior performance, but it has a large environmental impact. Therefore, this study explores the performance of canola oil with TiO₂ nanoparticle additives in the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system in the CNC milling process with AISI 1045 steel workpieces cut using a 4-flute endmill. The variations in the concentration of TiO₂ mass fraction used were 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%. The results showed that using a nano-cutting fluid with 0.15% TiO₂ reduced the cutting temperature by up to 56.52% compared to the dry-cutting method. In addition, this cutting fluid also produced the lowest surface roughness (0.722 μm) and negligible tool wear (0.246 mm). The results indicate that the combination of canola oil and TiO₂ can be an effective, environmentally friendly alternative in improving machining performance compared to conventional cutting fluids. © 2025 Published by Faculty of Engineering.
Mechanical and Industrial Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street No. 5, Malang, Indonesia; Centre of Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street No. 5, Malang, Indonesia
