Rias Gesang Kinanti, Rokhmatul Asiyah, Dimas Nur Ramadhani, Ardhiyanti Puspita Ratna, Sri Rahayu Lestari, Tanaporn Hengpratom, Elfi Anis Saati
Background and Objective: Rosa damascena Mill. possesses bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are addressed for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. This study aimed to develop and optimize a microencapsulation system for rose extract and probiotics. It focused on particle size and morphological characteristics analyzed via particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and further assessed the bioavaliability and bioaccessibility of the encapsulated probiotics. Material and Methods: Lacticaseibacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum were cultivated in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth. The petals of Rosa damascena Mill. were extracted with ethanol 70% 1:1 aqueous solution. The microencapsulation involved dissolving the extract and probiotics, followed by the addition of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate to form stable colloids. The particle size was analyzed using dynamic light scattering and the morphology of microcapsules was investigated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Detection of ethanol was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Probiotic viability was assessed after storage at 4 °C for 0, 14 and 28 d and bioaccessibility was assessed using in vitro gastrointestinal simulation method. Results and Conclusion: The microencapsulation process resulted in spherical microcapsules with a mean particle size of 3107 nm ±273.2. Scanning electron microscopy analysis verified uniform morphology, indicating effective encapsulation. The probiotic count for microencapsulated samples was 5.16 ±0.37 log cfu ml-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data showed that the ethanol content was 2.53% ±0.21 (v/v). Microencapsulation of R. damascena Mill. and the probiotics increased the recovery of anthocyanin by 9%. These findings have suggested that combining microencapsulation with probiotic strains provides viable strategy to improve the functional delivery of anthocyanin-rich botanicals in nutraceutical uses. This open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture–Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
