Miftachul Ulum, Arif Nur Afandi, Triana Widyaningtyas, Haryanto, Agung Fitrahadi, Baihaqi
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are widely used in modern electric drive systems due to their high efficiency and precise control capabilities. This paper investigates the influence of three critical parameters - magnetic flux density, operating frequency, and air-gap variation - on the rotational performance of PMSMs. A 3.7 kW, 4-pole surface-mounted PMSM model was used for the FEM analysis, employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) in a 2D motor model. Flux density was varied by adjusting the remanent flux of permanent magnets, operating frequency was adjusted between 30-70 Hz, and the air gap was modified between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. Simulation results indicate that A 20% increase in flux density increases peak torque by 18%, but also increases core losses by 35% at nominal load. The motor speed increases linearly with frequency, consistent with synchronous machine theory, although high frequencies significantly raise core losses. A smaller air gap improves magnetic coupling and torque output but increases sensitivity to mechanical tolerances, while a larger air gap reduces efficiency and speed. Performance is evaluated based on electromagnetic torque, efficiency, power factor, and core loss density. Our analysis shows that operating in the saturated region of the flux curve provides the best torque-to-loss ratio for the PMSM motor analyzed. The findings provide practical guidelines for PMSM design in applications such as electric vehicles, industrial automation, and renewable energy systems. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Malang, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Malang, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Informayics, Malang, Indonesia; Universitas Trunojoy Madura, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Bangkalan, Indonesia
