Wira Eka Putra, Diana Widiastuti, Arief Hidayatullah, Muhammad Fikri Heikal, Sustiprijatno
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a tropical and subtropical vine, has been extensively studied for its bioactive compounds and their potential therapeutic benefits. The present study evaluate the molecular docking results, drug-like characteristics, and pharmacokinetic properties of cucurbitanes, karounidiols, and momordicin derived from bitter melon. The aim was to assess their potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by comparing them with a well-established drug control and conducting an ADMET assessment. The study employed molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity and binding site characteristics of the identified compounds with the PPARG protein. Furthermore, a comprehensive ADMET assessment was conducted to evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles of the compounds. The results indicates that all tested compounds exhibit higher affinity and a comparable binding site with the PPARG protein compared to pioglitazone. Moreover, the favorable ADMET profiles and minimal potential for acute toxicity indicate the suitability of these compounds for further therapeutic development. However, further research is required to confirm the degree of agonist properties and validate their therapeutic potential comprehensively. © 2025 University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines. All rights reserved.
Department of Applied Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pakuan, West Java, Indonesia; United Nations Development Programme Indonesia, Eijkman-RSCM Building, Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia
