Dean Setyawan, Markus Diantoro, Reza Akbar Pahlevi, Muhammad Syolahudin Abdurrhaman, Muhammad Hafidhuddin Karim, Thathit Suprayogi, Chusnana Insjaf Yogihati
Since the lack and reduction of fossil-based energy resources, researchers are extensively seeking the materials, methods, and technology to overcome the problems. One of the proposals is implementing thermoelectric devices to convert heat energy into electrical energy. Conversion occurs because there is a temperature difference between the two thermoelectric sides. Thermoelectricity can be maximized by controlling the temperature on both sides. Energy conversion has a certain efficiency, and the rest of energy becomes wasted energy. Wasted energy is usually in the form of heat so we can use thermoelectric to utilize this energy. Thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency is based on the Seebeck coefficient. Although thermoelectric technology has been implemented, research on thermoelectric materials still expanding which tends to maximize Seebeck coefficient of materials such as PbTe, SiGe, BiSbTe, etc. It is also possible to use doping to enhance the Seebeck coefficient of relatively new CuS materials which leads to enhance figure of merit (ZT). To get the maximum potential for implementing thermoelectric on the market, it is necessary to conduct research on the development of thermoelectric configurations. In this study, we present various constructions of thermoelectric devices with certain configurations consisting of more than 1 thermoelectric to compare each configuration based on which yield the highest energy conversion. The research method uses to quantify potential difference for each construct is I-V keitley as data logger potential difference every 0.2 second and to control temperature using temperature controller in both side of thermoelectric. Temperature in cold side remain constant in 27℃ and hot side temperature gradually increase from 40℃ to 60℃ for 151 data. Parallel minimum and maximum potential difference are lower than series construct. Series construct for more energy yield while parallel for more stabilize. Series and parallel Thermoelectric characterization same as usual parallel and series which parallel thermoelectric has the same potential difference as total potential difference while series total potential difference is sum of all thermoelectric potential difference. © 2025 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Matematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
