Muhaimin Rifa'i, Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah, Siti Nur Arifah, Aditya Ragil Suharto, Aghnia Nuri Fadhilla, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa'adah, Esha Ardiansyah, Rahmi Izati, Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah, Dawama Nur Fadlilah, Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna, Shinta Oktya Wardhani, Wisnu Barlianto, Hideo Tsuboi, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
Probiotic dietary supplements are in demand worldwide due to consumer awareness of healthy diets. However, it is still challenging to develop a functional yogurt by enriching it with a natural product. Green tea (GT) has many positive impacts on health and greater flexibility when mixed in various systems without losing its antioxidant properties. The objective was to evaluate the concentrations of GT and encapsulated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 (LpE1) and its incubation time using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) for developing functional food with better characteristics and rich antioxidants. LpE1 beads were prepared by extrusion, visualized using SEM, and characterized by FT-IR. The BBD was set with three independent variables: GT (2‒4 % w/v), encapsulated LpE1 (2‒4 % w/v), and incubation time (18‒30 h). Our findings demonstrated that LpE1 beads have spherical shapes with 1.89 ± 0.03 mm in size. FTIR demonstrated that chemical interaction between LpE1 and biopolymer functional groups has a minor effect on the LpE1 bead structure. The optimum conditions by RSM with 81 % desirability values were 4 % GT, 2 % encapsulated LpE1, and a 30-h incubation time, resulting in 4.15 pH, 76.28 % WHC, 23.72 % syneresis, 16.49 cP viscosity, 13.67 color (ΔE), 89.84 % DPPH, 380.51 mg GAE/g TPC, and 802.65 mg QE/g TFC. The titratable acidity and viability were 1.39 % and 9.55 log CFU/mL, respectively. A 4 % GT addition reduced the acceptance rate of GT yogurt (GTY) than plain yogurt (PY). Incorporating GTY with encapsulated LpE1 might be promising to improve the physicochemical properties and functional values of yogurt. © 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Integrated Research Laboratory, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Magister Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Division of Haematology and Medical Oncologist, Departement of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia; Department of Pediatric, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Immunology, of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showaku, Nagoya, Japan; Center of Biosystem Study, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
