Nur Hayati, Utami Widiati
This chapter explores the historical development of English language education in Indonesia. It highlights important milestones in curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, and addresses key themes that include the positioning of English language education within Indonesia’s multilingual and multicultural landscape, its role in cultivating students’ 21st-century skills, and the ongoing pursue of effective English language pedagogy. The chapter emphasizes the crucial role of teacher education and teacher professional development in supporting the teaching of English as a lingua franca within the framework of multilingual education, and its integration with 21st-century skills development. It also advocates for increased teacher participation in policymaking to enhance curriculum relevance, as well as a sustained focus to strengthen teachers’ competence and agency, which enables teachers to make informed pedagogical decisions suited to their diverse teaching contexts. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Subhan Zein and Fuad Abdul Hamied; individual chapters, the contributors.
Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia; Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia
