Sukarni Sukarni, Avita Ayu Permanasari, Indra Mamad Gandidi, Purnami Purnami, Ahmad Yusril Aminullah, Mahbub Romdlon Muhammad, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Anwar Johari, Muhammad Shahbaz
This study investigates the influence of activated carbon (AC) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hydrogen-rich biosynthesis gas (biosyngas) production from Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis (SP) during pyrolysis. Different AC to ZO mass ratios of 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 0:1 were mixed with SP and tested as the samples. The freshwater species of SP combined with an additive with an equal mass of 10 g SP added by 10 g additive, and subsequently, this 20 g sample was loaded into the fixed-bed batch-type reactor, a cylindrical vessel where the reactants are held stationary, for each experiment performed. Pyrolysis was conducted under an inert condition using a nitrogen flow rate of 0.8 l/min from room temperature until completed at 600 °C. The results reveal an optimal AC to ZO ratio of 1:1, enhancing hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) production. AC aids deoxygenation and reduces intermolecular forces, while ZO acts as a hydrogen donor, preventing tar and carbon monoxide (CO) formation. These complementary effects lead to synergistic interactions, and the SP+AC:ZO(1:1) outperforms other configurations, significantly increasing H2 and CH4 production by 7.71% and 68.7%, respectively. © 2025 The Author(s)
Center for Renewable Fuels Research (CRFR), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Energy Conversion and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia; Net Zero Industry Innovation Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
