Agung Fitrahadi, Sujito, Mohamad Rodhi Faiz
The conversion of palm shell biomass into carbonaceous materials via carbonization presents significant potential for advancing renewable energy systems and sustainable waste management practices in Indonesia. This study investigates the impact of varying carbonization temperatures (300-700 C) on the physicochemical properties of the resulting carbon. Experimental results indicate that higher carbonization temperatures (600-700 C) yield carbon materials with elevated fixed carbon content (>80%), a well-developed microporous structure, and increased surface area - key characteristics for applications such as activated carbon and energy storage electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that higher temperatures promote the formation of smaller, more uniform, and denser carbon particles, reflecting a more complete carbonization process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrate that the carbon exhibits ideal capacitive behavior at low frequencies, transitioning to resistive behavior at medium frequencies due to restricted ion diffusion within the pore structure. These findings confirm the suitability of palm shell-derived carbon for use in supercapacitor and battery applications. However, further optimization through chemical activation and pore structure engineering is necessary to enhance specific capacitance and overall electrochemical performance. This approach not only adds economic value to agricultural waste but also contributes strategically to Indonesia's shift toward environmentally sustainable energy technologies. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Indonesia
