Raymond Sutjiadi, Siti Sendari, Heru Wahyu Herwanto, Yosi Kristian
INTRODUCTION: To improve survival rates for breast cancer, a leading cause of female mortality globally, early detection is essential. This study presents a deep learning framework for classifying mammogram images as normal or abnormal. OBJECTIVES: This research aims to enhance the performance of a deep learning model for breast cancer classification by augmenting a real mammogram dataset with synthetic images. The study evaluates the impact of progressively increasing the number of synthetic mammograms on the model's accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. METHODS: The approach utilizes the EfficientNetV2L model for classification. Data augmentation was performed by generating synthetic mammograms using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM). A baseline dataset of 410 real mammograms from the INbreast public dataset was augmented with an increasing number of synthetic images across four experimental scenarios. RESULTS: The model demonstrated substantial performance gains directly linked to the use of synthetic data. The best performance was achieved when 500 synthetic images were used, resulting in all evaluation metrics exceeding a score of 0.90. The results confirm that incorporating more synthetic images is a key factor in achieving both higher classification accuracy and more stable training convergence. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the significant potential of synthetic image augmentation to address data scarcity, class imbalance, and model generalisation in medical image analysis. This method provides a scalable and privacy-preserving solution for breast cancer screening systems. © 2025 R. Sutjiadi et al., licensed to EAI.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information Technology, Institut Informatika Indonesia Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institut Sains dan Teknologi Terpadu Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia
