Juliati Br. Tarigan, Aman Santoso, Eko K. Sitepu, Minto Supeno, Sabarmin Peranginangin, John P. Sihotang, Gloria M. Tarigan, David Chaidir, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap
The present study reports a successful experiment to produce emollient ester isoamyl oleate (IAO) in room temperature conditions. The process was conducted under mild conditions without external heating. A factorial design was applied to study the effects of molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and rotational speed over different reaction times. The highest IAO conversion (99.3 %) was achieved within just 5 min at room temperature using a 1: 3 M ratio, 0.1 M catalyst concentration, and 4000 rpm rotational speed. The reaction was completed rapidly due to enhanced mass transfer and mixing. Compared to conventional reflux and microwave-assisted methods, the homogenizer-assisted process reduced energy consumption by up to 93 % and reaction time by over 90 %. This approach demonstrates a promising green alternative for ester production with significant energy and time savings. © 2025 The Authors
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia; Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
