Dian W. Kurniawidi, Susi Rahayu, Arif Budianto, Kormil Saputra, Wida Puteri Agista, Thatit Suprayogi, Resti Marlina
This study has succeeded in synthesizing and characterizing TiO2/CaTiO3 perovskite composites using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from shellfish waste (Pinctada maxima). Synthesis was carried out through the coprecipitation method with variations in the molar ratio of CaCO3:TiO2 and calcination temperatures (700◦C, 800◦C, and 900◦C). Characterization was carried out using FTIR, DTA-TG, XRD, SEM-EDS, BET and UV-Vis. The results of the analysis showed that the calcination temperature affected the powder color, crystal structure, thermal properties and particle size. The DTA-TG analysis shows that increasing the calcination temperature up to 900◦C significantly reduces mass loss to 51.88%, with minimal thermal events, indicating the formation of a thermally stable and well-crystallized TiO2/CaTiO3 structure. At a temperature of 900◦C, a more perfect CaTiO3 was formed with the whitest powder color, the anatase and brookite phases of TiO2 were still detected, while the calcite phase was still found at a temperature of 700◦C. The morphology of the samples showed agglomeration with increasingly uniform particle sizes at higher calcination temperatures. Complementary BET analysis confirms that the composite possesses a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 11.42 m2/g and a pore size distribution of 3-5 nm, making it suitable for adsorption and photocatalytic applications. UV-Vis analysis showed an increase in the band gap value along with the increase in the TiO2 ratio. This is also confirmed by the presence of Urbach energy which tends to increase with increasing TiO2 ratio. © 2025 The Authors.
Universitas Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram, 83115, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Tinta Emas Institute, West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram, 83115, Indonesia; Universitas Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Palangka Raya, 74874, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, 16911, Indonesia
