Anjar Nur Ramadhani, Markus Diantoro, Herlin Pujiarti, Arif Nur Afandi
The development of renewable energy sources is urgently needed to reduce the use of fossil fuels globally, so renewable energy devices are needed to produce electricity supplies. The Flexible DSSC System photoanode (ITO-PEN/TiO2/ZnO) was developed as a photovoltaic device to produce high enough electrical energy and is flexible it is easy to apply compared to other DSSC systems. TiO2/ZnO layer is deposited using the sputtering method with varying sputtering times of 0, 30 and 60 minutes which will give rise to different characteristics. The structural characterization and optical properties were tested using XRD and UV-Vis. The analysis results show that increasing the sputtering time causes a high XRD peak which then reduces the crystal size, increases the crystallinity, and the energy band gap decreases. From the analysis results, the TiO2 crystal sizes at times 0, 30, 60 minutes were 15.96?nm, 14.34?nm, and 14.00?nm, respectively. while in ZnO it is 0?nm, 17.26?nm, and 16.56?nm. Apart from that, the resulting band gap values are 3.23 eV, 3.22 eV, and 3.20 eV. The highest sample absorbance maximum value was recorded at 60 minutes, in the wavelength range of 380?nm with a band gap energy of 3.20 eV, and crystallinity of 87.6%. Thus, the novelty of the Flexible DSSC device with photoanode (ITO-PEN/TiO2/ZnO) has the potential to sustain research on renewable energy sources in the field of integrated solar cells. © 2025 Author(s).
Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, 651145, Indonesia; Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), State University of Malang, Jl. Semarang, No. 5, Malang, 651145, Indonesia; Departement of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
