Harith Ahmad, Joe Win Chiam, Khalil Kamaruzzaman, Muhamad Zharif Samion, Saliha Mutlu, Volkan Filiz, Nergis Arsu, Sevil Savaskan Yilmaz, Bülend Ortaç, Kavintheran Thambiratnam
In this study, a copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) was synthesized using terephthalic acid (TPA, H2L), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) as organic binders, and Cu2+ ions, to act as a saturable absorber (SA) material. The SA was fabricated by depositing Cu-MOF on an arc-shaped fiber, and was then incorporated into a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) and a holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL), with both achieving stable mode-locking operation. The SA exhibited a modulation depth of 5.7% and a saturation intensity of 13.8 MW/cm2, respectively. The maximum average output power of the TDFL was 6.82 mW, while that of the HDFL was 2.64 mW. Pulse widths were measured at 1.08 ps for the TDFL and 1.75 ps for the HDFL respectively. The TDFL achieved a pulse energy of 464 pJ and a peak power of 430 W. The output of the HDFL had a pulse energy of 180 pJ and a peak power of 94.9 W, respectively. Both lasers were monitored for 4 h to ensure their stability. © The Author(s) 2025.
Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Batu 8, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Selangor, Gombak, 53100, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) and Institute of Materials Science Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey; Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey; Physics Department, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
