Sri Rahayu Lestari, Abdul Gofur, Yunita Rakhmawati, Suharti, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Dewi Sekar Miasih, Alif Rosyidah El Baroroh, Yuslinda Annisa
Single Aged Garlic (SAG), a fermented product from a single garlic, has been extensively studied for its health benefits due to its allicin content. To enhance SAG's drug delivery capabilities, this study aimed to characterize transfersome formulations containing SAG, investigating their phytochemical activities and the effects of different absolute solvents. Transfersome formulations, consisting of soy-phospholipid and either Span-60 (T1) or Tween-80 (T2), were prepared using absolute ethanol (EA) or a chloroform-methanol mixture (CM). Characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Phytochemical tests assessed antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Results showed that T2-CM formulations exhibited the best PDI (0.372 ± 0.022), smallest particle size (T1-CM: 84.333 ± 1.762 nm), and lowest zeta potential (T2-EA:-25.667 ± 0.666 mV). Additionally, T1-CM and T2-CM formulations demonstrated superior antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic content compared to T1-EA and T2-EA. Transfersomes formulated with organic solvents like absolute ethanol, methanol, and chloroform exhibit promising characteristics and can effectively protect the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and phenols present in SAG extracts. These solvents, known for their ability to dissolve polar and nonpolar compounds, facilitate the formation of stable, well-characterized transfersomes. These findings suggest that transfersomes prepared with chloroform-methanol mixtures are more promising for SAG delivery. © 2025, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. All rights reserved.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Centre of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Malaysia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
