Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq, Tenta Hartian Hendyatama, Faizanah Hameed, Dewi Santosaningsih
Introduction: Citrus hystrix is widely used by Indonesians as a traditional medicine for gastrointestinal diseases, including Salmonella spp. infection. We investigated the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic peel extract of C. hystrix against Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: The antibacterial activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined at a concentration of 0.625% by agar dilution assay. Later, the in vivo antibacterial activity was examined by the administration of 16 mg of the extract daily for three consecutive days in a mouse model infected with S. typhimurium. Results: The bacterial loads of S. typhimurium in the ileum, liver, and spleen decreased after 24 h of administration of the extract (p = 0.00008, p = 0.00084, and p = 0.00003, respectively). Conclusion: The ethanolic peel extract of C. hystrix shows antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium, indicating the potential of C. hystrix as an effective treatment for Salmonella spp. infection. © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Batu, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Batu Rakit Health Clinic, Trengganu, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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